How to help your child learn to read.

I was chatting to another Mum on Twitter the other day and she was worried about her Year 1 daughter and her progress with reading. As someone who works in Year 1 - that's 5 to 6 year olds - it made me think about what some of my parents were going through.

Often, when you work with a system, you just assume knowledge and that's a silly mistake to make. When you are a parent faced with a world of phonics, graphemes, digraphs, sounding, blending ... well, it can all be a bit of a mystery. Of course you want to do the best for your son or daughter, but if you are not sure yourself ... well, where do you go? What do you do?

This is a whistle stop tour of what to do, where to go ... and I hope it helps a little!

Your first port of call should always be your child's teacher. All you need to do is ask and they will help you with any questions you might have. And they won't think you are being silly. Most teachers will only be too pleased to be able to help you. Our school publishes a guide aimed at helping parents read with their children and I know that if someone asked me I would be very happy to help. I am not a teacher, but a Teaching Assistant and I have been working in this area for 10 years now.

 Reading is not rocket science and one of the most important things to remember is that it should be enjoyable!! Little and often is good - maybe 5 to 10 minutes a day and if its starting to get stressful ... STOP!!

The way reading is taught in the UK involves synthetic phonics, which sounds pretty futuristic and cold, but is actually pretty sensible and simple. Each sound is called a phoneme. When a sound is written down its called a grapheme. A sound made of two letters joined together and written down, for example "sh", is a digraph.

Have I lost you already??

Phoneme ( foe-neem) = sound (a as in apple. c-a-t has 3 phonemes)

Grapheme (graff-eem) = individual written sound

Digraph (dye-graff) = 2 letters making 1 sound & written down ( sh as in shop)

To hear how the sounds should be pronounced you could try this site or this one ( I wish the lady would look at the camera, but the sounds are good!) and there are others on the web too.

I always think that reading should start when your children are tiny, and by that I mean that they learn by having you read to them. For me there's nothing more lovely than snuggling down with a book together, talking about the pictures, sharing the story. Even tiny children enjoy that shared experience, learning how to hold a book, where to start reading. I never really understood friends who put a dvd story in a machine at bedtime and left their child to it.

Reading doesn't have to be all about starting at the beginning and ploughing through to the end come what may ... To be honest you need to be imaginative in your approach. If your child is fed up maybe leave reading until a bit later, or turn it into a game. You can challenge them to find a particular word through a book - a Word Treasure Hunt. Perhaps take it in turns to read the pages...

An important thing to remember is that you need to see what they are reading. Listening to them in the car on the way to or from school is not a good idea. You would be amazed how confident some children sound and actually they are making up every word by looking at the pictures! You need to be able to see what they are trying to read and ask them to sound out if they get stuck.

By sounding out I just mean "Say what you see!" Look at the letters in the word, point and say. Have a couple of goes and if they can't hear the word then maybe you could sound it for them and see if they can hear it then. Practise makes perfect, which is why you need to be doing it every day. What doesn't help is when you just tell them the word straight away. They need to develop strategies to work out words for themselves.

Looking at the picture can help, as can reading the rest of the sentence and then going back to the hard word and trying to work out how it fits. 

The most important thing to remember is that they will get there. Its not a race and just because another child is ploughing through War and Peace, that doesn't mean that your child is failing. They all make progress in their own time. Praise, encouragement and togetherness really work alongside daily practise in a relaxed environment. If they, or you are having a bad day then don't flog a dead horse!!!

If I can help in any way then I will do my best to answer your questions, but I hope this helps a little. As a parent I understand the frustrations and as someone who has worked in Year 1 for about 10 years now I would love to help!

Phonics and what works best when teaching children to read.

For the last 8 years I have worked in Year 1 of a Primary school. One of the best bits of my job is helping children learn to read and I have watched with interest the debate on whether phonics are the best way to achieve this. Today I read an article on Mumsnet which put both sides of the argument, but I thought, as someone who works every day with children, I would put my two pen'orth in as well!

In the U.K the government want schools to use phonics to teach children to read. They want them to be tested at the end of Year 1 when they are 6 and if they have not achieved a certain level their parents will be informed.

Other parties such as the writer Michael Rosen argue that phonics should be only part of the regime to teach reading and that:

  What really matters is what produces young readers who read for meaning and want to read more and more and more, now and for the rest of their lives. 

As someone who thinks phonics are an essential part of learning to read I was ready to disagree with Michael Rosen as he seemed to be condemning their use. However, as I read more of what he had to say and thought more about what I actually do at work, I found myself agreeing with him. To be honest, although the government might lay down rules, what actually happens is that the staff working day by day with children use all sorts of ways to encourage their reading skills and ability.

Reading is not something that happens magically when you start school. A love of reading starts when you snuggle up with your child way before they are school or even nursery age. Having books around the house, reading bedtime stories, looking at books together on a rainy day ... or a sunny day if we ever get one, that's where it starts.

Its about learning to turn pages, following the words with your finger so your child begins to learn that the story begins here and finishes here, talking about what's happening in the pictures ... Its knowing that your love of books as a parent is absorbed by your children. Its about sharing books together, asking your child's opinion on what's happening, what might happen, how are the characters feeling ... 

Year after year the children who read well are the children who have support and input from home so that by the time they reach school they are already on their way to enjoying books - whether they be story books or non-fiction.

Phonics are the building blocks of reading, but they are not the only tool in the teacher's box. For me, phonics are essential for children to be able to build words, decode words and the correct pronunciation of them is essential too. But the language surrounding them scares people ... What are phonemes, synthetic phonemes,  graphemes,digraphs, split digraphs?? I know because I work in school and I work in Year 1, but how many people outside of that sphere could say? The language alienates parents and makes it all sound like something scary and scientific. All it is really is the basic sounds - not ABC, but a as in at, b as in bob and c as in cat.

Phonemes are the sounds in our words. Graphemes are the way they are written. Digraphs are 2 letters put together to make a sound - like ch or sh. A split digraph is where 2 letters are split to make a sound - like     a-e, so rat becomes rate. The split digraph or 'magic e' changes the vowel from its short sound  to its name in the alphabet ... bit - bite, con - cone, cut - cute ...

Where I work we know our way round the library - which books work for which problems - which books are fun, which ones suit particular needs. That's how it should be. Its about encouragement and enjoyment.

What really helps is support at home - reading each evening. Yet so often children don't get that support - maybe they do their reading in the back of the car on the way to school with their grown up unaware of whether they are actually reading or just making up words, or there's 'not enough time', sometimes reading at home is a battle. Sometimes, in fact very often, reading becomes a competition. Parents want their children to shoot up the reading levels as quickly as possible, writing notes like "too easy!" or "next book!!". Its not a competition!!! Sometimes its lovely to have a book that you can read easily and enjoy - don't you think? Reading shouldn't be like training for a triathlon ... full of sweat, frustration and hurt.

In our classroom we have a reading corner full of pluffy cushions and gorgeous books that children can curl up and read or 'read' for pleasure and I love seeing them do so, maybe reading to each other.

Of course we have to assess them, but this is done continuously - not in some government test, but individually, with praise and encouragement. Some children take longer than others to learn - perhaps literacy is not a strong point at home or perhaps they have a particular problem, but with care and dedication they get there. If they don't get support from home they get extra support at school. I love it when a child with whom I have worked in Year 1 comes to me when they are in Year 2 or 3 and proudly says "Can I read with you?". To sit down and listen to them reading is a joy. Spending time together with a book can be time spent sharing more than the book - thoughts, fears, hopes.

Michael Rosen is right when he says that phonics shouldn't be the only tool used, but it has, in my opinion, to be the starting point in school. Our language is hard and there are tricky words where phonics don't work, but you have to start somewhere and by having the building blocks of sound as a tool you are given a method of accessing books. Its our job as grown ups and school staff to add to this by encouraging children to enjoy books and understand their meaning - after all there's no point being able to read if you have no idea what the words mean.

As someone who loves reading I love sharing my enjoyment with others and really what matters most to me is that the children in my care are helped in every way to learn the skill of reading which they can carry with them through life.